JAcques alexander césar charles (1746-1823)
- Charles was born on November 12, 1746, in Beaugency, Loiret, France.
- He was the only child of his parents.
- Charles married Julie Francoise Bouchaud des Hérettes, she was 37 years younger so it was taught it was arranged to cover his homosexual relationship with Alphonse de Lamartine.
- He studied aeronautics, and became an inventor, mathematician and physicist.
- In June 1783, the Montgolfier brothers invented the first hot-air balloon.
- Charles discovered that hydrogen would work better than hot air since it is much lighter.
- On August 27, 1783, Charles and the Montgolfier brothers created the first hydrogen-filled balloon. When it returned to Earth it was attacked by peasants who thought it was a monster.
- Charles designed and help in the building of a hot air balloon that went to a height of almost 3,000 meters.
- He later studied the volume of gases changes with temperature.
- During 1787, Charles found out that the volume of many gases increased identically with higher temperature when pressure was held constant, but he did not publish the results of his work at the time.
- Another French scientist, Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, learned of them, studied it and published his findings in 1802 acknowledging Charles's original work.
- Charles later made more experiments like a new type of hydrometer for measuring densities, a reflecting goniometer for measuring the angles of crystals, the megascope to magnify objects, and improved instruments for measuring specific gravity and tracking the Sun's rays.
- 1785, was elected to France's Academy of Sciences and became professor of physics at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers.
- He died in Paris on April 7, 1823.
http://www.bookrags.com/biography/jacques-alexandre-cesar-charles-wsd/
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Charles-Jacques.html#b
http://www.slideshare.net/DragonMastertumlin/jaques-charles